摘要
居延文物編號487.1出土於佛教寺院遺址K779，同出西夏文印刷物殘片等，由此確認時代。本文搜集相關紡織工具推論487.1的功能，依據文字記錄提出推論甲——刺繡綳架，左右兩側可能有對稱的4根短木橛，用來繃緊布料進行刺繡。依據實物現況提出推論乙——合股工具，將2至4股單紗穿過左側2根木橛的孔洞，搓撚為一線，捲繞於右側尖軸木橛。額濟納地區屬溫帶大陸性氣候，極端乾旱的自然環境塑造特殊的生活方式。西夏時期種植的紡織作物可能有麻和棉花，不適合種桑養蠶，產量有限，生絲和絲織品大多仰賴貿易取得。當地自古飼養山羊、綿羊、駱駝獲取紡織纖維，毛紡織品以精良著稱銷往世界。綜合寺院依附人口的生產活動，重建生態、經濟、社會的整體場景。
Juyan (Edsen-gol) relic no. 487.1 was excavated at the site of a Buddhist temple, namely K779, together with fragments of printed materials in Tangut script, thus confirming the age of the object. The present article collects existing materials to the greatest possible extent, inferring the possible functions of the artifact based on said written records: Inference A, embroidery frame which may have 4 symmetrical short wooden pegs on the left and right sides to tighten the fabric for embroidery; but based on the current state of the object, the article puts forward: Inference B, twisting tool which passes 2 to 4 strands through the holes of the 2 wooden pegs on the left, twists them into thread, and winds it around the pointed-shaft wooden peg on the right. The Edsen-gol region has a temperate continental climate, and its extremely arid environment has shaped unique livelihoods. Textile crops cultivated during the Tangut period (1038–1227) likely included hemp and cotton, as the region is not suitable for growing mulberry and raising silkworms, with limited yields. Raw silk and silk fabrics were thus largely procured through trade. Since ancient times, goats, sheep, and camels have been raised to obtain textile fibers, and the wool textile industry flourished, renowned for its quality and exported worldwide. Relic no. 487.1 allows us to then integrate the production activities of the community dependent on the temple and reconstruct the broader ecological, economic and social scene.
關鍵詞
紡織工具 刺繡 撚線 合股 寺院經濟
textile tool; embroidery; twisting; plying; temple economy