《論語》「賢賢易色」、「子所雅言」、「不貳過」校讀——兼論詞義訓詁與義理訓詁的關係 Textual Examination of “Xian Xian Yi Se” 賢賢易色, “Zi Suo Yayan” 子所雅言, and “Bu Er Guo” 不貳過 from the Analects and Discussion on the Relationship between Exegesis of Word Meanings and Conceptual Significance
摘要
本文側重從語言文字方面來對《論語》的語句進行校讀，並討論與校讀相關的問題。首先，在校讀方面，共有三則：一，〈學而〉「賢賢易色」之「易」讀為「逷」，表示「遠離」義。二，〈述而〉「子所雅言，《詩》《書》執禮皆雅言也」，首句之「言」字下本來應當有重文符，後因脫去重文符而致有脫文，所以此「言」當重讀一次，前兩句讀作「子所雅言，言《詩》《書》」。執禮，定州漢墓竹簡本在其後多一「疾」字，此「疾」字讀為「制」，而斷讀為「執禮制」；也可能讀為「即」，與下句連讀為「即皆雅言也」。三，〈雍也〉「不貳過」之「貳」讀為「匿」或「飾」，表示「掩飾」義。最後，討論詞義訓詁和義理訓詁的關係。
This article primarily focuses on a textual examination of specific phrases in the Analects from the perspective of language and writing, discussing related issues in detail. Firstly, regarding the textual examination, there are three instances that require rectification: (1) In a passage from the chapter “Xue er” 學而, the character yi 易 in the phrase “xian xian yi se” 賢賢易色 should be read as ti 逷, indicating the meaning of “to move away” or “to avoid.” (2) In “zi suo yayan, Shi Shu zhili jie yayan ye” 子所雅言，《詩》《書》執禮皆雅言也 from the chapter “Shu er” 述而, the character yan 言 in the first phrase originally had a repetition mark, the loss of which resulted in the omission of a second yan; therefore, this portion of the passage should be read as “zi suo yayan, yan Shi Shu.” Furthermore, regarding zhili 執禮, the bamboo slips unearthed from a Han dynasty tomb in Dingzhou follows the expression with the additional character ji 疾, which should be read as either zhi 制, making the phrase “zhili zhi” 執禮制, or as ji 即, combining with the subsequent phrase to read as “ji jie yayan ye” 即皆雅言也. (3) In the chapter “Yong ye” 雍也, the character er 貳 in the phrase “bu er guo” 不貳過 should be read as ni 匿 or shi 飾, implying the meaning of “to conceal” or “to disguise.” Secondly, the discussion focuses on the relationship between exegesis of word meanings and conceptual significance.
關鍵詞
賢賢易色 子所雅言 不貳過 詞義訓詁 義理訓詁
“xian xian yi se” 賢賢易色; “zi suo yayan” 子所雅言; “bu er guo” 不貳過; exegesis of word meanings; exegesis of concepts