六朝後期江南義疏體《易》學譾論——以日藏漢籍舊鈔本《講周易疏論家義記》殘卷為中心 A Discussion of Yishu Style Yi Studies Prevailing in the Lower Yangtze Regions during the Late Six Dynasties Period: Focusing on the Jiang Zhouyi Shulunjia Yiji Old Manuscript Preserved in Japan’s Kōfukuji Temple
摘要
六朝後期江南地區學術思想的流變在漢唐學術史上所具有的重要意義自不待言，例如「義疏體」的形成與展開、佛經科段對於儒家經部著作的滲透與影響等等。然而，因為缺乏直接的文獻典籍，使得清代以來學者們的討論往往受到阻隔而無法深入。
王鳴盛《十七史商榷》卷九二有云：「日本尚文，勝於他國。」日本所藏六朝隋唐時代的漢籍舊鈔本是一份寶貴的文化遺產。其中，奈良興福寺藏經部舊鈔本《講周易疏論家義記》殘卷，自從上世紀三○年代被獲知以來，得到了中日學者的關注，然而尚存在不少值得繼續探討的問題點。
張之洞《輶軒語‧論讀書宜求善本》云善本之義有三，舊鈔本居其一。故而相對於以往以刻本為主要對象的六朝文史研究，本文希望通過對《講周易疏論家義記》舊鈔本的綜合探討，從義疏體之分類、《經典釋文》「異本說」之出處等多方面，重新估量六朝後期江南地區的義疏體《易》學的價值及其在魏晉與隋唐經學史之間的地位。並且在此基礎上，針對湯用彤著名譬喻「奥卡姆的剃刀」(Occam’s razor)，筆者則提出了唐人《五經正義》成立前，江南學界可能存在一個「後剃刀時代」的學術猜想。文章最後部分，擬從此殘卷中初步輯出十二家先唐《易》遺說若干，以備稽古者查考。
The development and transformation of lower Yangtze region academic thought during the late Six Dynasties period (for example, the formation and evolution of the yishu style, sutras’ incorporation into and influence on Confucian classics, etc.) holds a significant place in the academic history of the Han to Tang dynasties. However, due to a lack of materials directly related to this subject, scholars from the Qing dynasty onward have been unable to undertake a thorough research of the topic and have thus failed to approach its key problems.
In his work Shiqishi shangque, Wang Mingsheng (1722-1797) claimed that Japan respected Chinese classics more than other countries. This statement is persuasive to a certain degree, and the Six Dynasties and Sui-Tang period old manuscripts of Chinese classics preserved in Japan are certainly valuable cultural relics. Among these old manuscripts, Jiang Zhouyi shulunjia yiji has become the most influential. Preserved in Nara’s Kōfukuji Temple, it has attracted the attention of various Chinese and Japanese scholars from the time of its discovery onward. Nevertheless, there still remain many unresolved questions related to this manuscript.
As Zhang Zhidong (1837-1909) stated in his work Youxuan yu, there are three kinds of “reliable books” (shanben). One of these kinds is the old manuscript. Therefore, in contrast with previous print-version-based studies of Six Dynasties period history and literature, the main concern of this paper is, instead, an overall research of the Jiang Zhouyi shulunjia yiji (an old manuscript). Through research on this work, the author of this paper intends to analyze the classification of yishu style during the Six Dynasties period, the relationship between Jiang Zhouyi shulunjia yiji and the “theory of varied texts” proposed in Jingdian shiwen, and the like, in order to reassess the history of the academic thought circulating in the lower Yangtze regions during the late Six Dynasties period. Furthermore, on the basis of these discussions and with Tang Yongtong’s (1893-1964) famous application of “Occam’s razor” in mind, this article’s author will also propose the hypothesis that a “post-razor era” existed within lower Yangtze academic circles before the Wujing zhengyi was established. In the last part of the paper, the Zhouyi commentaries of twelve pre-Tang scholars are extracted from Jiang Zhouyi shulunjia yiji and compiled for later reference.
關鍵詞
講周易疏論家義記 義疏 異本說 後剃刀時代 舊鈔本
Jiang Zhouyi shulunjia yiji, yishu style, theory of varied texts, post-razor era, old manuscripts of Chinese classics