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殷墟西北崗組頭骨與現代臺灣海南系列頭骨的顱頂間骨的研究 A Study of the Interparietal Bone Among the Skeletal Remains of the Yin Dynasty and the Modern Taiwan-Hainan Series

  • 作  者:

    許澤民 Tse-min HSU

  • 期別頁碼:

    36下:703-739

  • 出版時間:

    1966

  • 引用 全文下載

摘要

On the surface the study of the interparietal bone would appear to be nothing more than morphological observations on a single physical trait in a very narrow context.  However, for such observations or comparisons to be objective it is necessary to draw heavily upon related fields such as comparative anatomy, embryology, genetics, and anthropology.  Without this broad background no study of this type can have any significance.
The present paper is based on the study of a total of 1907 crania, 376 of which belong to the collection of the Yin Dynasty crania of the Institute of History and Philology, Academia Sinica, and 1062 specimens of modern Taiwan-Hainan Han-Chinese and 469 crania of present day Atayal (Taiwan aborigines), all belonging to the Dept. of Anatomy, Medical College of the Nat. Taiwan University.  The 26 crania of the Yin Dynasty, showing the interparietal bone, are described.  These collections provide excellent material for comparative studies of the type I have undertaken, and with the support of the related disciplines mentioned above several important conclusions can be drawn.
Although the "Inca bone" is a widely used term, its frequency in Asia and parts of America gives this phenomena broad evolutionary significance and warrants a more scientific name.  Therefore, I prefer the use of the term "interparietal bone", for it avoids any risk of confusion arising from geographical localization.
1. We found no correlation between the occurrence of the interparietal bone and sex, nor with artificial deformation of the skull.  However, a certain relation seems to be present between the interparietal bone and the Wormian bone, the metopic suture and other abnormal formations of the cranial sutures.
2. With those skulls of the Yin Dynasty, showing the interparietal bone, the occipital bone is usually longer than the parietal bone; where the interparietal bone is absent, the formations are reversed.  It seems probable that the presence of the interparietal bone leads to an enlargement of the occiput and tends to reduce the size of the parietal bone.
3. The study furnishes some clues to the question of the formation of the interparietal bone and modifies the hypotheses concerning the ossification centers of the occipital bone.
4. The high frequency of occurrence of the interparietal bone in the Yin Dynasty skulls and the modern Taiwan aborigines, and the somewhat lower rate of occurrence in the modern Taiwan and Hainan Han-Chinese, is very important to the history of racial differentiation among the Mongoloids on the Asiatic mainland and peripheral areas.
5. The interparietal bone may prove of importance for the racial history of the Mongoloids, as its presence is ascertained from the remains of the Sinanthropus Pekinensis over the crania of the Yin Dynasty down to the present-day Taiwan aborigines and the Han-Chinese of Taiwan-Hainan series.
I have attempted to deal with the various questions that accrued to the writing of this paper in the broad context of human evolution. Perhaps I have overextended myself.  It will be interesting to test my conclusions against the results of further research in this and related disciplines.

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許澤民,〈殷墟西北崗組頭骨與現代臺灣海南系列頭骨的顱頂間骨的研究〉,《中央研究院歷史語言研究所集刊》36下(1966):703-739。
Tse-min HSU, “A Study of the Interparietal Bone Among the Skeletal Remains of the Yin Dynasty and the Modern Taiwan-Hainan Series,” Bulletin of the Institute of History and Philology, Academia Sinica 36.2 (1966): 703-739.

書目
許澤民
1966 〈殷墟西北崗組頭骨與現代臺灣海南系列頭骨的顱頂間骨的研究〉,《中央研究院歷史語言研究所集刊》36下:703-739。
HSU, Tse-min
1966 “A Study of the Interparietal Bone Among the Skeletal Remains of the Yin Dynasty and the Modern Taiwan-Hainan Series.” Bulletin of the Institute of History and Philology, Academia Sinica 36.2: 703-739.
許澤民. (1966). 殷墟西北崗組頭骨與現代臺灣海南系列頭骨的顱頂間骨的研究. 中央研究院歷史語言研究所集刊, 36(上), 703-739.

HSU, Tse-min. (1966). A Study of the Interparietal Bone Among the Skeletal Remains of the Yin Dynasty and the Modern Taiwan-Hainan Series. Bulletin of the Institute of History and Philology, Academia Sinica, 36(2), 703-739.
許澤民. “殷墟西北崗組頭骨與現代臺灣海南系列頭骨的顱頂間骨的研究.” 中央研究院歷史語言研究所集刊 36, no. 下 (1966): 703-739.

HSU, Tse-min. “A Study of the Interparietal Bone Among the Skeletal Remains of the Yin Dynasty and the Modern Taiwan-Hainan Series.” Bulletin of the Institute of History and Philology, Academia Sinica 36, no. 2 (1966): 703-739.
許澤民. “殷墟西北崗組頭骨與現代臺灣海南系列頭骨的顱頂間骨的研究.” 中央研究院歷史語言研究所集刊, vol. 36, no. 下, 1966, pp. 703-739.

HSU, Tse-min. “A Study of the Interparietal Bone Among the Skeletal Remains of the Yin Dynasty and the Modern Taiwan-Hainan Series.” Bulletin of the Institute of History and Philology, Academia Sinica, vol. 36, no. 2, 1966, pp. 703-739.
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