摘要
本篇竹書原無篇題，原整理者以其內容歌頌李樹，乃據之擬題為〈李頌〉，惟綜觀全篇簡文，讚頌對象實為桐樹，所以篇題宜更名為〈桐頌〉。
本文第貳節通釋全篇竹書，試圖以簡明扼要的方式，為學界提供一份可讀性較高的釋文。第參節針對「桐 可」、「 外 」、「 植兼成」、「深利幵豆」、「 本曾枳」、「 丨可」、「 勿 」、「氐古聖人兼此咊勿 人情」等八處疑難詞語進行攻堅，或證成學者說法，或另提新的釋讀意見。第肆節分析全篇簡文結構，將之劃分成頌文、點評文字、篇題三部分，認為頌文應是全篇最初文本，而後有某位讀者在頌文末尾加上點評文字，其後這位讀者又再節錄點評文字首句當作篇題，這三個部分依序疊加，共同構成本篇竹書。
本篇竹書頌文部分，具有典型的楚辭體風格，作者藉由歌詠桐樹美德，抒發其所認同的價值理念，藝術成就可與《楚辭•橘頌》相提並論，對先秦時期南方韻文發展史的建構甚有助益。點評文字部分，此類文本為出土簡帛文獻首見，可將點評文字的實物證據上推至戰國中晚期，其內容展現戰國時期知識分子獨立自主的批判精神。篇題部分，應由點評文字作者所擬，擬題方式也是前所未見，可幫助我們更全面認識先秦古書標題語的擬定過程。
This paper argues that the “Ode to the Plum Tree” in the eighth volume of the Shanghai Museum Corpus should be retitled as the “Ode to the Tung Tree.” The second part of this essay aims to make a comprehensive transcription of this text, which is expected to offer a more concise and reliable interpretation of it. In the third part of this essay, special attention is given to eight debatable characters and phrases in an attempt to provide some new insights. The fourth part analyzes the overall structure of the text, dividing it into three parts, namely the verse, the commentary, and the title. The verse is believed to be the original text, while the other two were added by others later.
The verse is written in the typical Chu ci style. By complimenting the tung tree and its virtues, the author expressed his personal values. The aesthetic achievement of this work is on par with that of “Ju song” (Ode to Orange) in the Chu ci, and allows us to better understand the history of Southern verse writing in the pre-Qin period. The unique commentary has not been seen in other unearthed bamboo slips, and its content illustrates the critical thinking of intellectuals in the Warring States period. It is also evidence showing that commentary writing was already in existence in the middle and late phase of the Warring States. Finally, the text is given a title in a way never seen before, hence a study of this leads to a better understanding of how texts received titles in pre-Qin books.
關鍵詞
上博楚簡 桐頌 李頌 標題語 點評文字
Shanghai Museum Chu slips, “Ode to the Tung Tree”, “Ode to the Plum Tree”, title, commentary