摘要
一般認為，本調為基本調而變調為衍生調。近來，諸學者提出了變調亦可為基本調的觀點。本文從變調與語法的聯系著眼，再次探討本調和變調的關係問題。變調可為基本調這一論點是基於某些方言中變調中的調類多於本調中調類的現象。但本文指出此種保留歷史調類的變調在分佈上是受語法方面的限制的。因此，我們提出一種模塊式的分析。即在不同的語法環境中，本調和變調都可能是基本調。本文最後提出一個假設，即作為基本調的「變調」均為詞匯性而非普遍性的變調。
Traditionally, citatition tones have been taken as the basic or underlying tones while sandhi tones are considered derived. Some recent studies have suggested the possibility of the sandhi tone as the basic tone. This paper re-examines the issue in the broader context of grammar. It shows that the contrast-preserving sandhi tones, which have been used as evidence for their basic status, are distributionally restricted along morphosyntactic lines. Based on this observation, the paper argues for a modular analysis, which allows both the citation tone and the sandhi tone to be basic in different grammatical contexts. A stronger hypothesis, which restricts the basic sandhi tones to the lexical domain, has been put forward for future research.
關鍵詞
本調 變調 模塊 歷史調類 方言
citation tone, sandhi tone, modular, historical tonal categories, dialect