摘要
從立法的角度，本文挑戰一個流行的舊說，認為宋政府有時全面禁巫或禁巫術。本文指出，巫作為一種職業和巫術作為一種職業工具從未被禁。被禁的僅是一些「違法」的巫術或黑法術，如人牲、蠱毒和咒詛之類，它們大多早就見於《唐律》，沿用於宋。其他宗教的信奉者如僧人和道士使用黑法術也跟巫一樣被禁和被罰，這不會被稱作禁佛和禁道。唯一新的立法可能是禁止巫覡和巫醫隔絕病患，只使用宗教力量，不得使用屬於人世力量的醫藥和照顧。必須注意的是，巫兼用神力和人力治病就不被禁止。這新法可被視為宋代邁向近世的一大步。
From the perspective of legislature, this essay challenged a popular old belief that the Song government occasionally imposed complete bans on witch and witchcraft throughout the country. This essay found out that neither witch as a profession nor witchcraft as a professional means had ever been banned. The ones that were banned were the “illegal” witchcraft or black magic, such as human sacrificing, ku poisoning (蠱毒) and magical cursing, most of which had long been defined as illegal in the Tang Code and followed suit by the Song dynasty. Other religious practitioners like Buddhist monks and Taoist priests who performed black magic were also banned and punished like the witches, but it should not be called bans on Buddhism or Taoism. The only new legislature might be the ban on witches (or witch-doctors) isolating their patients from healing by human effort and using only divine healing. It must be noted that witches using both divine healing and healing by human effort were not banned. This new legislature may be seen as a big step forward of the Song toward modernity.
關鍵詞
宋代 禁巫 禁巫術 巫醫與人醫
Song, ban on witch, ban on witchcraft, witch doctoring and healing by human effort