Abstract
The legal order of foreign activities in Qianlong Period is a complete and tight-knit legal framework including the Collected Statutes in the Qing Dynasty, the Qing Code and the statutes of each administrative organs such as Libu and Lifanyuan. In all the laws and regulations, the Collected Statutes in the Qing Dynasty are the most constitutional and blanket legal norms. The statutes of each administrative organs look like the implementing rules for the Collected Statutes in the Qing Dynasty. While the Qing Code focuses on the economic sphere, and presents as the criminal law and domestic law. This legal system is quite complicated and multifold. The Collected Statutes in Qing Dynasty and the statutes of each administrative organs emphasize the rites. From these kinds of regulations, we can see the Qing dynasty still keeps the pride of the Celestial Empire and the pioneering ambitions. However, in the Qing Code, the Qing dynasty maintains a certain level of self-restraint and contractibility. Obviously, the Qing dynasty has been aware that its governance has the boundary. The Qing dynasty separate all the foreign countries into four types, which includes the dependent feudatory such as Korea, the vassal states such as Kazak, the countries who have the mutual trade with China, such as the West and the countries who has signed the treaties with China, such as Tsarist Russia. Directed at different kinds of foreign countries, the Qing dynasty has different administrative organs to manage the foreign affairs. What’s more, the applicable laws are also different.
Keywords
The Order of Foreign Activities, Legal Norms, Collected Statutes in the Qing Dynasty, Statutes of Libu, the Qing Code
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