摘要
戶籍與財產是環繞家庭的兩個重要議題，民間性的「家」與政治性的「戶」通常合為一體，但仍不免在諸多因素作用下出現「籍別財同」或「戶同財異」的現象。無論家庭是否同籍，政府按戶課徵時，稅物可由家庭共財交納；而各戶主中最具權威的人便是同居家庭的家長，故戶籍異同，不會影響家庭內部的生活及與官府的關係。家庭是一個生活共同體，共財為其特色。共財實寓含共有、共用兩層意義，有繼承權的共財親是共有人，無繼承權的共財親仍可使用家財。民間社會裏父財專有的印象很鮮明，父親其實是基於「家事統於尊」的傳統觀念，執行家財的管理權。換言之，共財表現的是家財的所有面或使用面，父財顯示的是其管理面，二者不相衝突，共同維繫著家庭倫理秩序與財物運作。
Household registers and property were two important issues that surrounded families. The private “family”and the political“household”often became one. However, it was unavoidable that phenomena such as“possession of common property regardless of different households” or“possession of separate property with the same household”appeared. No matter whether members of a family were in the same household register, taxes and materials could be rendered from the common property of a family when the government levied taxes on the basis of households. The person with the most authority in each household was the householder of a cohabitation family. Therefore, whether family members belonged to the same or different households, it did not influence the life of a family and its relation with the authorities. The family was a life community with common property being its feature. Common property, in fact, implied two meanings: common possession and sharing. Family members living together who had the right of inheritance were people with common possession, while those who did not have the right of inheritance could still enjoy family property. In the civil society, the impression of family property belonging exclusively to fathers was vivid, and fathers executed the management right of family property on the basis of the traditional concept of “family affairs being governed by elders.”In other words, common property presented aspect of ownership or aspect of usage right of family property, and property belonging to fathers demonstrated its management aspect. The former did not conflict with the latter, and both held family ethics and order and property operation together.
關鍵詞
唐代、家庭、戶籍、同居共財、共財親、父財
Tang Dynasty、Family、Household register、Co-residence and Common property、Family members living together and possessing or sharing common property、Property belonging to fathers