摘要
「光棍」犯罪是明清兩代的社會問題之一。明代立法上已有針對光棍的規定，清順治十三年（1656），清廷為懲治光棍犯罪專門制定了一則條例。該條例後來迭經修改，至乾隆年間定型化，此即當時人通常所稱的「光棍例」。「光棍例」的出臺，相當於創設了一個新的罪名，這不僅大大加重了對光棍犯罪的懲罰力度，同時也使「光棍」一詞具有了特定的法律含義。本文試圖通過對相關文獻的考證來梳理清律「光棍例」的由來及其演變，並嘗試著從立法技術的角度對「光棍」罪這一清代新創設的罪名略做評析。
The crimes committed by guang gun, or hoodlums, was one of the social issues in both Ming and Qing dynasties. Ever since the Ming dynasty, provisions reading guang gun’s crimes has existed in the legislation; though the year of 1656，the Qing government formulated an ordinance in particular to punish the guang guns. This ordinance was the predecessor of the so called Guang Gun Li, or “the sub-statute for hoodlums”, which was modified many times until it reached its final form in Qianlong period(1736-95). The promulgation of Guang Gun Li not only enhanced the penalties for Guang Gun but also gave new legal meanings to the term Guang Gun, which created a new crime title – the Crime of Guang Gun. This article endeavored to trace to the origin of Guang Gun Li and its evolvement through textual research. This paper also attempted to evaluate and analyze the new crime title adopted in Qing dynasty towards guang guns from the angle of the legislative technology.
關鍵詞
光棍、光棍例、光棍罪、順治十三年事例、惡棍設法索詐例、恐嚇取財
Guang Gun (hoodlums)、Guang Gun Li (the sub-statute for hoodlums)、the Crime of Guang Gun、the Ordinance promulgated in the 13th year of Shunzhi、the Ordinance for extortion by Villains、Using Intimidation to Obtain Property