摘要
《天聖令‧雜令》雖後有闕文但基本完整，為我們理解〈雜令〉體系提供了文本保證。本文首先進行了從《晉雜令》到《元雜令》的縱向比較，指出〈雜令〉在不同時代《令》中的位置，存在一個由中間到末尾再到中間的變化；《晉令》中〈雜令〉和〈雜法〉的不同在於「法令」和「令」的不同。文章還從份量、歸類、內容等方面進行比較，認為〈雜令〉是內容變化最頻繁的令──不斷有條文被調整到其他令中，又有大量新的條文補充進來。同時，有些條文表面看延續了近千年，但仔細分析卻可以發現一些值得重視的差別。文章隨後將〈雜令〉與律、格、式等法律形式進行了橫向比較，指出〈雜令〉與〈雜律〉能對應上的條文其實很少、〈雜令〉中一些有關「賞物」的規定到宋代被調整到了《賞格》中。
Tiansheng Miscellaneous Statutes (Tiansheng Ling Za Ling), with its relatively completeness except some textual hiatus, provides textual assurance for us to understand the system of za ling (miscellaneous statutes). In the first part of the article, miscellaneous statutes from the Jin to the Yuan dynasties are put into comparison with each other, and their positions in the entire statutes of respective dynasties are found changed from the middle to the end and then to the middle again. Where the difference between za ling and za fa (miscellaneous decrees) of Jin ling (Jin Statutes) is turn out to be the difference between faling (statutes with penalties) and ling (statutes without penalties). A contrast in length, category and content shows that the za ling either with items reclassified continuously to other categories or complemented with lots of items from other categories were the most frequently changed in contents. On the surface, some of their items kept lasting for nearly thousand years, but meticulous analysis indicates some notable differences. Having compared the Miscellaneous Statutes with other legal forms including lǜ (code), ge (regulation) and shi (ordinance), The article pointed it out that there are few items corresponding in the Miscellaneous Statutes with those in za lǜ (the Miscellaneous Code), and some items dealing with award in the Miscellaneous Statutes in the Tang dynasty were reset to shang ge (the Award Regulations) in the Song dynasty.
關鍵詞
天聖令、雜令、歷代令、法令、雜律、賞格
Tingsheng Statutes、Miscellaneous Statutes、Statutes of all dynasties、Law and decree、Miscellaneous codes、Reward Regulations