摘要
本文從清朝法律空間中的某些特徵出發，在較為全面地回顧前人關於清代西藏終審權問題的研究成果的基礎上，通過對清代西藏政治歷史大環境中的達賴、班禪等宗教領袖、西藏地方政府機構、理藩院、駐藏大臣以及相關案例的分析，試圖構建起一個探討清代西藏司法問題尤其是終審權問題的「網絡」，從而得出較有說服力的結論。在最後的結論中，筆者認為，必須區分清代西藏地區的「終審權」和「主權」，有清一代，西藏地區總體上保有了民事刑事終審權而喪失了行政終審權，而清政府則始終保有著行政終審權。
This paper proceeds from some special characters of the Qing Dynasty’s legal space and concludes the informed research of the final adjudication power in Tibet of the Qing Dynasty, and then analyses the religious leaders such as Dalai Lama and Panchen, the Kashag, the Lifanyuan and the grand minister resident of Tibet in the context of the political history in Qing Tibet, and finally tries to construct a “network” which can more clearly answer to this topic. In the conclusion the author point out that we must strictly distinguish the “right of adjudication” and“sovereignty” in Tibet of the Qing Dynasty. In Qing China in general, the Tibet-Zone held the final adjudication power in civil and criminal cases but lost this power in administrative cases, and the Qing central government held the final adjudication power in administrative cases.
關鍵詞
清朝、西藏、司法、終審權、地方性
Qing Dynasty、Tibet、Judicature、The final adjudication power、Locality