摘要
《唐律‧名例律》「斷罪無正條」規定：「諸斷罪而無正條，其應出罪者，則舉重以明輕；其應入罪者，則舉輕以明重。」此即所謂「輕重相舉」。該律條立法原意究竟何在？性質到底為何？與傳統刑律中的「比附」是否同類？又是否同於當今的「類推適用」？此攸關《唐律》有無法的確定性問題，爭議頗多。
本文擬從法史學及當代刑法詮釋學的觀點，首先一探傳統中國舊制中「比附」的起源與實態；進而就《唐律》中的「輕重相舉條」的意涵及其實際運用面詳加論述；而最主要者，乃就「輕重相舉條」的法理性質深入探討，提出個人看法，以釐清該條律文在法制上的歷史及時代意義。
The “Case without Applicable Provision” article in the General Principle Part of Tang Code says, “For the case without applicable provision, the judge shall analogize the heavier situation if such case shall be decriminalized, or the slighter situation if such case shall be criminalized.” Such article’s purpose, character, and similarity to traditional Chinese law’s and modern Western law’s “analogy” are very controversial among the scholars and critical to the argument about the legal ascertainment of the Tang Code.
This essay researches the origin and reality of the “analogy”in traditional Chinese law from the viewpoint of legal history and modern criminal legal hermeneutics. Moreover, this essay discusses the meaning and practice of the “analogy article” in the Tang Code. Mostly, this essay tries to clarify that article’s meaning in legal history.
關鍵詞
輕重相舉、唐律、比附、斷罪無正條、當然解釋
Tang Code、analogy、natural interpretation