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法制史研究

新大陸統治正當性與原住民──大航海時代西班牙思想家之論辯 Dominiun and Indigenous Peoples in the New World: Spanish Philosophers in the Age of Discovery

  • 作  者:

    徐胤承 Hsu, Yin-Cheng

  • 期別頁碼:

    40:127-158

  • 出版時間:

    2023/12

  • 引用 全文下載

摘要

本文主題為帝國與殖民的法制史。緣1492年航海家克里斯多福.哥倫布(Cristóbal Colón, 1451-1506)發現新大陸後,於焉正式揭開西班牙 「黃金時代」(Siglo de Oro)序幕。自此西班牙積極擴張版圖,最終征服並統治與歐洲大陸截然不同文化的種族──即美洲原住民。然而,猶在茁長中的歐洲社會科學,尚不足以因應隨之而來的法律與政策等相關議題。西班牙思想家對於如何將美洲原住民轉化為帝國臣民的理論探討,即彼等是否為理性人暨其法律地位,以及統治正當性等問題,不斷思辨,值得吾人探究。本文以15至16世紀為斷代,歷舉卡薩斯(Bartolomé de las Casas, 1484-1566)、塞普爾維達(Juan Ginés de Sepúlveda, 1490-1573)及維多利亞(Francesco de Vitoria, 1483-1546)等三位具代表性的先哲為例,比較見解異同,繼則闡發並釐清相關爭點,以及總結實踐不一的新大陸法律與習俗;按彼等所探討者,乃帝國權力邊界延伸至傳統疆域之外時,法律對於事務解釋力的更迭,當屬國際公法尚在啟蒙時期之制度史。本文期盼藉由梳理互有連結的各家論述,別開蹊徑,並帶給當代思潮相應啟示。

This study reviews the legal history of Spanish colonization in the Americas during the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries. By 1492, Christopher Columbus (1451-1506) had discovered the New World, thus ushering in the Spanish Golden Age (Siglo de Oro). While the Spanish empire assumed control over the so-called “Indias,” it faced unprecedented challenges in the realm of indigenous governance. Therefore, Spanish thinkers embarked on a sustained analysis of relevant issues in political, moral, and legal philosophy. This study examines the literary works of three important writers, namely Bartolomé de las Casas (1484-1566), Juan Ginés de Sepúlveda (1490-1573), and Francesco de Vitoria (1483-1546). These writings reveal shifts in legal understanding and interpretation as the imperial government extended political control beyond traditional boundaries.

關鍵詞

西班牙黃金時代、印地安人、大航海時代、法制史、義戰

Spanish Golden Age (Siglo de Oro), indigenous peoples, Age of Discovery, legal history, just war theory

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註腳
徐胤承,〈新大陸統治正當性與原住民──大航海時代西班牙思想家之論辯〉,《法制史研究》40(2023):127-158。
Yin-Cheng Hsu, “Dominiun and Indigenous Peoples in the New World: Spanish Philosophers in the Age of Discovery,” Journal for Legal History Studies 40 (2023): 127-158.

書目
徐胤承
2023 〈新大陸統治正當性與原住民──大航海時代西班牙思想家之論辯〉,《法制史研究》40:127-158。
Hsu, Yin-Cheng
2023 “Dominiun and Indigenous Peoples in the New World: Spanish Philosophers in the Age of Discovery.” Journal for Legal History Studies 40: 127-158.
徐胤承. (2023). 新大陸統治正當性與原住民──大航海時代西班牙思想家之論辯. 法制史研究, 40, 127-158.

Hsu, Yin-Cheng. (2023). Dominiun and Indigenous Peoples in the New World: Spanish Philosophers in the Age of Discovery. Journal for Legal History Studies, 40, 127-158.
徐胤承. “新大陸統治正當性與原住民──大航海時代西班牙思想家之論辯.” 法制史研究, no. 40 (2023): 127-158.

Hsu, Yin-Cheng. “Dominiun and Indigenous Peoples in the New World: Spanish Philosophers in the Age of Discovery.” Journal for Legal History Studies, no. 40 (2023): 127-158.
徐胤承. “新大陸統治正當性與原住民──大航海時代西班牙思想家之論辯.” 法制史研究, no. 40, 2023, pp. 127-158.

Hsu, Yin-Cheng. “Dominiun and Indigenous Peoples in the New World: Spanish Philosophers in the Age of Discovery.” Journal for Legal History Studies, no. 40, 2023, pp. 127-158.
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