摘要
張家山漢簡《奏讞書》共計收錄了二十二則司法案例，當中有二十則案例具備正式判決文書的條件，很可能是當時司法審判的真實記錄。案件內容涉及逃亡、通姦、殺人、瀆職及財產犯罪。這些經過整編的案例對於漢初的執法官吏當有一定的模範意義，是研究秦漢法制不容忽略的重要素材。《奏讞書》各類案件之中，以「逃亡犯罪案件」一類的質與量最為可觀，實屬《奏讞書》中最精華的案件類型。本文將《奏讞書》七則逃亡犯罪案件區分為存在特殊政策背景與規範基礎的「漢初復員政策下的特殊逃亡犯罪案件」（四則），以及「一般逃亡犯罪案件」（三則），探看這些案件如何連結靜態的法律規範與動態的審判推理，勾畫出此一審判體系與當時社會議題的互動態樣。
Among the 22 cases collected in the judicial case anthology: Zou Yan Shu, unearthed from the Han tomb at Zhang Jia Shan, 20 of them are qualified as formal judgments. These rare historical materials related to abscondence, adultery, murder, malpractice, and property crime could be the actual trail records of Qin and Han Dynasty, and are compiled to be the judicial model for the judges of early Han. The 7 abscondence cases, the major type of crime in Zou Yan Shu, could be further distinguished into the particular type (4 cases) according to the rehabilitation policy of early Han and the general type (3 cases). All these cases reveal the general principles of the law, and the practical connections between legal provisions and legal reasoning; moreover, they portrait the interaction between the judicial system and social issues.
關鍵詞
張家山、簡牘、奏讞書、秦漢、裁判史、逃亡、復員
Zhang Jia Shan、Zou Yan Shu、Qin、Han、bamboo slips、judicial history、abscondence、rehabilitation