中央研究院歷史語言研究所

法制史研究

唐代官人的父母喪制──以〈假寧令〉「諸喪解官」條為中心 Officials' Parent-Mourning System in the Tang Dynasty-Focus on the Statute of Official Post Removal Due to Parent Death in the Leave Statutes

作　　者：
羅彤華 Lo, Tung-Hwa
期別頁碼：
16：91-123
出版時間：
2009/12
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摘要

唐〈假寧令〉「諸喪解官」條在規範官人遭父母喪時的解官、心喪、給假問題。解官與心喪不須並行，解官期間要嚴守喪禮的各項規範，心喪則雖可釋去凶服，但仍有一些生活與公務禁忌。唐代的「諸喪解官」條，是自漢晉南北朝以來不斷地試行、調整才逐步演變來的。但該令文的諸多細節，又隨著唐政府的歷次修令而做了更動，尤其是龍朔二年蕭嗣業嫡繼母改嫁案的影響最大。《開元二十五年令》合理修正了《永徽令》、《開元七年令》的一些規定，如三年齊斬只解官、不心喪；只為生己的出母、嫁母解官並心喪，凡非生己的諸母則既不解官，也不心喪。唐政府為方便官人辦理父母喪事，還給予三十日的喪假。從唐律設匿喪、詐喪專條來看，「諸喪解官」條在唐代是很認真地被執行著。

The Statute of Official Post Removal Due to Parent Death included in Leave Statutes was regulated to solve the issues of giving funeral leaves including official post removal, and an inner-heart mourning system that bears great grief in the heart but does not wear mourning clothes. Official post removal and the foresaid mourning system were not necessarily processed simultaneously. A variety of funeral rules were strictly followed during the official post removal period. Although the mourning system did not require wearing mourning clothes while having great grief, there were still some prohibitions in daily life and official affairs. The Statute of Official Post Removal Due to Parent Death applied in the Tang Dynasty was the one continually tried, adjusted and evolved from Wei, Jin, North and South Dynasties. Many details of the Statute had been revised several times during the Tang Regime, with the case of the death of Xiao Si-Ye’s stepmother in 662 A.D. giving the most impact. Some regulations in the Statutes of the 25th Year of Kaiyuan Period had been modified from the Statutes of Yong Hui and the Statutes of the 7th Year of Kaiyuan Period. For example, according to the three-year mourning period for the death of a parent, only official posts were removed, but the inner-heart mourning system was not required. Officials’ post removal was only applied for the death of the biological mother, who may have been divorced by the father or have remarried. However, for the death of the non-biological mother, both official post removal and the inner-heart mourning system were not required. The Tang regime authorized their officials 30 days of funeral leave to tend to parents’ funeral. With regards to Tang Codes specifically regulated for hiding or cheating of the parent funeral, it seems that the Statute of Official Post Removal Due to Parent Death was thoroughly enforced in the Tang Dynasty.

關鍵詞

唐代、假寧令、解官、心喪、喪假

Tang Dynasty, Tiansheng Statutes, Leave Statutes,official post removal, inner-heart mourning system,funeral leave

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註腳

羅彤華，〈唐代官人的父母喪制──以〈假寧令〉「諸喪解官」條為中心〉，《法制史研究》16（2009）：91-123。

Tung-Hwa Lo, “Officials' Parent-Mourning System in the Tang Dynasty-Focus on the Statute of Official Post Removal Due to Parent Death in the Leave Statutes,” Journal for Legal History Studies 16 (2009): 91-123.

書目

羅彤華

2009　〈唐代官人的父母喪制──以〈假寧令〉「諸喪解官」條為中心〉，《法制史研究》16：91-123。

Lo, Tung-Hwa

2009　“Officials' Parent-Mourning System in the Tang Dynasty-Focus on the Statute of Official Post Removal Due to Parent Death in the Leave Statutes.” Journal for Legal History Studies 16: 91-123.

羅彤華. (2009). 唐代官人的父母喪制──以〈假寧令〉「諸喪解官」條為中心. 法制史研究, 16, 91-123.

Lo, Tung-Hwa. (2009). Officials' Parent-Mourning System in the Tang Dynasty-Focus on the Statute of Official Post Removal Due to Parent Death in the Leave Statutes. Journal for Legal History Studies, 16, 91-123.

羅彤華. “唐代官人的父母喪制──以〈假寧令〉「諸喪解官」條為中心.” 法制史研究, no. 16 (2009): 91-123.

Lo, Tung-Hwa. “Officials' Parent-Mourning System in the Tang Dynasty-Focus on the Statute of Official Post Removal Due to Parent Death in the Leave Statutes.” Journal for Legal History Studies, no. 16 (2009): 91-123.

羅彤華. “唐代官人的父母喪制──以〈假寧令〉「諸喪解官」條為中心.” 法制史研究, no. 16, 2009, pp. 91-123.

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