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法制史研究

明代司獄形象及其社會地位的探討 The Social Status and the Image of Prison Officials in the Ming Dynasty

  • 作  者:

    連啟元 Lien, Chi-Yuan

  • 期別頁碼:

    15:103-142

  • 出版時間:

    2009/06

  • 引用 全文下載

摘要

在司法制度之下,案件經司法機構審判執行之後,監獄即為監禁罪犯的場所。明代全國府州縣各地皆設有監獄,而在府級以上行政單位,設有司獄司的專責機構來管理獄政事務,司獄司的長官為「司獄」,官秩從九品,任官原則以九年為滿任,並經過九年三考,作為查考、升黜的標準。司獄既然管理獄政事務,管理獄卒與監獄囚犯,因此獄政事務的清明與否,實與社會秩序息息相關,然而實際上司獄雖有品秩,卻往往被歸入雜職人員,復以吏員身份,不屬於科舉進士出身,社會地位頗受忽視。本文嘗試以明代監獄的專責管理的官員——司獄為討論主軸,並藉由司獄群體作為考察對象,探討司獄的職權運作,以及在司法與獄政制度之下的重要性,同時探討其社會地位的形象與觀感,是否影響獄政制度的推行,進而討論對整體明代社會秩序的可能影響。

 

The Prisons was established across the country in the Ming Dynasty and the special apparatus to administer the prison offairs was established only above the provincial level. The officials in charge of the prison need to superintend the daily life, the diet and the work of the prisoners. The background of such officials generally was not very well in the Ming dynasty and therefore had the adverse impact on the social status.  This article intends to discuss the group of the officials in charge of the prison in Ming and interpret the operation of the duties and power, as well as the relationship between the prison affairs and the judicial system.  Then from the perspective of the penitentiary system, prison officials may be one of the factors which affect the social order and security.

關鍵詞

明代、司獄、提牢主事、提牢御史、監獄、閩中三司獄

Ming Dynasty、prison official、jail、social status、Three Prison Officals in Fujian

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註腳
連啟元,〈明代司獄形象及其社會地位的探討〉,《法制史研究》15(2009):103-142。
Chi-Yuan Lien, “The Social Status and the Image of Prison Officials in the Ming Dynasty,” Journal for Legal History Studies 15 (2009): 103-142.

書目
連啟元
2009 〈明代司獄形象及其社會地位的探討〉,《法制史研究》15:103-142。
Lien, Chi-Yuan
2009 “The Social Status and the Image of Prison Officials in the Ming Dynasty.” Journal for Legal History Studies 15: 103-142.
連啟元. (2009). 明代司獄形象及其社會地位的探討. 法制史研究, 15, 103-142.

Lien, Chi-Yuan. (2009). The Social Status and the Image of Prison Officials in the Ming Dynasty. Journal for Legal History Studies, 15, 103-142.
連啟元. “明代司獄形象及其社會地位的探討.” 法制史研究, no. 15 (2009): 103-142.

Lien, Chi-Yuan. “The Social Status and the Image of Prison Officials in the Ming Dynasty.” Journal for Legal History Studies, no. 15 (2009): 103-142.
連啟元. “明代司獄形象及其社會地位的探討.” 法制史研究, no. 15, 2009, pp. 103-142.

Lien, Chi-Yuan. “The Social Status and the Image of Prison Officials in the Ming Dynasty.” Journal for Legal History Studies, no. 15, 2009, pp. 103-142.
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