摘要
清代前期,「殺死姦夫」相關規定仍有不備,在裁判實務上因而經常呈現裁判官員不當然引用「殺死姦夫」條進行裁判的不安定狀態,為了彌補規範不足以因應層出不窮的案件,乾隆五年後,「殺死姦夫」條例開始大幅修正。因此,本文旨在考察「殺死姦夫」條例在清代後期的改正軌跡與相關裁判實態,並探討其法理。本文主要從「主體客體範圍的重新衡鑑」、「涉及親屬關係的條例梳理」、「糾往捉姦責任的釐清辨明」、「以擬抵為方法的罪刑分配」四個面向出發,探討「殺死姦夫」條例修正的整體像及其動因,並以先行研究為基礎重新思考律本文與條例間的關係,以釐清「殺死姦夫」條例的法理特性。藉由這些分析,可以看到隱藏在「殺死姦夫」規定背後的多重價值於裁判過程中發生競逐,更可見到清代官員在修法過程中致力於追求客觀裁判基準,及罪行與刑罰間之平衡的努力。
In the criminal judicial cases about “Killing an Adulterer” in the early Qing Dynasty, the judge did not necessarily use provisions concerning “Killing an Adulterer” to adjudicate these cases because the norms then were not well-established enough to be applicable to all of these cases. In order to improve on this situation, the bureaucracy for legislation tried to make new provisions from 1740 and on. This paper attempts to explore the legislation and judiciary of provisions concerning “Killing an Adulterer” in the late Qing Dynasty, and it focuses particularly on the following aspects: (a) the modification of the subject and the object; (b) the adjustment of the relationship; (c) the responsibility of an adulterer murderer who was not related in any way to the husband; and (d) the crime and the guiltiness that the husband and the adulterer were readjusted by the “ni di (!")” code. This paper also tries to deliberate the relationship between Lü (#) and Li ($) about the provisions concerning the “Killing an Adulterer” and to find the principle of these provisions by reviewing previous studies. This paper therefore suggests that a lot of different values behind the provisions concerning the “Killing an Adulterer” compete in the judicial cases, and that the Qing bureaucracy for legislation and judiciary tried to find objective standards to adjudicate all of the “Killing an Adulterer” cases.
關鍵詞
殺死姦夫、大清律例、通姦、刑事裁判、情罪平允
Killing an Adulterer, Qing Code, adultery, criminal judiciary, balanced the crime and the guiltiness