摘要
透過對50個祭田案件的實證分析，傳統司法裁判祭田案件的主要依據是「情理」和祭田習慣，國家成文規條完全成為具文，具有強制性的家法族規也很少適用。這雖然與官府追求的無訟相適應，但根本原因是受傳統社會的法和司法一般觀念之影響。要準確把握傳統社會的法觀念，須從威懾教化這個功能角度切入。認為：和西方法觀念迥異，傳統法不是確定權利義務的規則體系，司法主要關注的也不是具體規則和案情之間的對號入座。法和司法皆服從於威懾教化功能之充分發揮。在這個視角下，傳統中國民事法為什麼不發達、細故案件司法判決不具確定性等問題都能以新的提問方式獲得新的解釋。
By positive analysis on fifty cases about sacred land, the main sources of judicial are reason sense and customs about sacred land; the judge don’t apply the provision of law even once, family law are applied only occasionally. This can be compatible with official harmony, but the ultimate cause is the universal idea of the law and judicial in traditional society. To understand the idea exactly, we must emphasize the function of the law and judicial: deterring and moralizing. Differing the idea in west, the law in traditional China isn’t a economy system of rules, the emphasis of judicatory isn’t looking for the suitable rule in current case. The law and judicatory submit the effectiveness of the deterring and moralizing function. So in this point, the questions can be reply by a new style of setting problem, such as why the civil law in traditional China couldn’t be developed, the judgment is lack of determinacy.
關鍵詞
傳統中國、祭田、情理、威懾教化
Traditional China、Sacred land、Reason sense、Deterring and moralizing
