摘要
本文從世變與抉擇的視角，探究龔祥瑞的法制人生。本文認為龔祥瑞一生法制專業的相關表現，大致可分為四個階段：（1）1930年代，他在清華大學政治系，並到倫敦政治經濟學院追隨拉斯基（Harold J. Laski），接受以自由主義為基底的法政知識訓練；（2）1940年代，他學成歸國後，從事研究與教學，更參與實際政治。他關注中國文官制度的現代化，期能實踐法制救國的夢想；（3）1949年中共建國後，他選擇了「自我改造」，學習馬列毛社會主義的思想。此外，他以「反面教員」的身份批評「資產階級政治學說」，服務社會主義新政權，並積極參與階級鬥爭；（4）1980年代後，他重返北大任教，也經常出國訪問，從事學術交流。在改革開放的政治環境下，他更極力提出法制改革的主張，呼籲政府「依法行事」、「以法治國」，強調法律須以公平正義為準則，政權和民權必須保持平衡。1980年代晚期，他更明確提出民主憲政改革的新方向。龔祥瑞的一生，體現了二十世紀中國劇烈變遷中一個知識分子的法制抉擇。
This article explored Gong Xiangrui's careers in the legal system as time changes. Gong Xiangrui's career in the legal system can be divided into four stages: (1) In the 1930s, he accepted the basic training of liberal legal and politicl education in the Department of Political Science of Tsinghua University and later under the supervision of Harold Laski in the London School of Economics and Political Science; (2) In the 1940s, after finishing studies in England and back to China, Gong Xiangrui not only engaged in research and teaching but also tried to participate in the national politics. He paid attention to the modernization of the civil service system in China and hoped it could save the country; (3) After the founding of People's Republic of China by the Chinese Communist Party in 1949, he decided to reinvent himself and to study Marxist-Leninist-Maoist thought. He began to shift from liberalism to socialism rapidly and then he actively participated in the class struggle. (4) After the 1980s, Gong Xiangrui returned to
Peking University to teach, and frequently visited abroad for academic exchanges since the Reform and Open Door Policy of China. He devoted to absorb new information and proposed reformation of law in China. He advocated“act in accordance with the law”and“rule by law,” emphasizing
that the laws should follow the principles of fairness and justice. He insisted that the powers of the government and civil rights should be balanced. The late 1980s, he clearly indicated the new direction of Constitutional democracy in China. All in all, Gong Xiangrui's life showed the legal choices of a Chinese intellectual under the dramatic changes in the 20th century.
關鍵詞
龔祥瑞、錢端升、樓邦彥、王鐵崖、拉斯基（Harold J. Laski）、反右運動、詹寧斯（W.Ivor Jennings）、丹寧（Lord Denning）
Gong Xiangrui、Qian Duansheng、Lou Bangyan、Wang Tieyai、HaroldJ. Laski、Anti-Rightist Movement、W. Ivor Jennings、Lord Denning
