摘要
「棧」法是以橫木架高，置禽畜於其中，儘量限制其消耗熱量的活動，並多與餵食，以藥物調理其腸胃，在短時間內迅速催肥禽畜，以取得肥腴細嫩肉質的畜養方式。北宋年間，一方面朝廷祭祀用牲中的羊肉用量大增，二方面人們嗜食「無脂肥羊肉」，再加上此時畜養技術改進，朝廷特在京師分三大圈棧養羊口以供御用之所需，因此宋《天聖令‧廄牧令》中出現「三棧羊」的專有名詞。從宋《天聖令‧廄牧令》中得知，宋人除了將「棧」法大量運用於養羊事業外，也用特定的藥物來調理羊隻的腸胃，其目的都在於快速催肥動物，除增加其出肉率外，也由此得到極肥而無脂的羊肉。由是可見，北宋的畜牧技術又邁進一大步，反映出唐、宋間畜牧事業及飲食文化的變遷。
"Zhan" is a kind of the stable which is erected with crossbars. People confine the fowls or livestock inside the Zhan in order to limit their activities of consuming calories and best to feed them as well as take care of their stomachs with medicines. The purpose is to increase the weights of the fowls or livetook since people can supply the best quality of tender meats. During the era of North Song Dynasty, the royal court set up three Zhans to raise sheep in order to supply the royal demand of the mutton for three reasons: 1. The demand of the mutton as sacrifice in royal worship ceremony increases very fast; 2. People like to eat "mutton without fat"; 3. The technology of the animal husbandry has been innovated quite a lot. Therefore, in "Animal Husbandry Statue, Tiansheng Statutes", there proper term "Three-Zhan Sheep", was used. From the newly found "Animal Husbandry Statue, Tiansheng Statutes", we obsenve that the Song people use the Zhan method in sheep raising industry with great quantity. They also use specific medicines for taking care of the livestock's stomachs. Their purpose is to try to increase the livestock's weight as fast as possible and increase the production rate of the mutton. In this article, we can see the technological progress of the animal husbandry in the North Song Dynasty. This progress responses the transformation of animal husbandry and the dietary culture between the Tang and Song Dynasties.
關鍵詞
棧法、天聖令、三棧羊
Zhan、Tiansheng Statutes、Three-Zhan Sheep
