摘要
岡田朝太郎對晚清廢除比附援引、確立罪刑法定的法制變革起了決定性作用，但他本人服膺於法律進化理論，視西式罪刑法定為文明之制，簡單將「比附援引」與「不應得為」劃等號，將之歸於落後、被廢除之列。他對比附援引的認識實屬「誤會」，沒能看到比附援引與皇權專制之關係，更不可能注意到它經長期運用所發展出來的在維持罪情均衡、限制審判官濫用權力方面的技術優勢。在強大的法律進化時代思潮影響下，深通舊學的沈家本為其「拾遺補缺」，吉同鈞保持了沉默，晚清法政人多接受了岡田之觀點，促成了制度變革。但法律進化理論所帶來的對歷史和國情的過度忽視，亦對制度變革產生了不利影響。
Okada Asataro is an important person in legal institution reform during the last stage of Qing dynasty. Abolishing analogy invoked and establishing crime without law providing forit is the main point of the reform. Okada Asataro believed in the evolutionary theory of law, considered crime without law providing forit as an enlightened institution, while analogy invoked as an under-developed institution. His knowledge on analogy invoked is misunderstanding. He ignored the relation between analogy invoked and Imperial autocracy. He couldn't find the technical goodness of the institution in keeping the balance between the crime and the details of a case, limiting the power of justice. Because of the enormous influence of the evolutionary theory of law, most of the legalists and politicians accepted Okada Asataro's point. But the evolutionary theory of law ignored Chinese tradition and national conditions, so it brought up the negative effects in the legal institution reform.
關鍵詞
岡田朝太郎、比附援引、罪刑法定、法律進化論
Okada Asataro、Analogy invoked、crime without law providing forit、The evolutionary theory of law
