I consider the prehistory of Taiwan from a maritime perspective, and positions Taiwan as a key cultural link between the Asian continent and islands in the Pacific over many millennia. Through a synthesis of the latest archaeological discoveries and researches in Taiwan, and based on an understanding accumulated over many years of work, I has reconstructed a comprehensive framework for cultural sequences that matches Taiwan’s prehistory based on an understanding of its archaeological cultures and those of surrounding areas. Through a comparison of earlier and later archaeological cultures, the author encapsulates both the inheritance of local cultural features and the appearance of new elements, places these new elements in an interactive network with the Asian continent and islands in the Asia-Pacific region so as to examine their origins and their maritime cultural contacts. With Taiwan as its regional focus, this study reveals both cultural contents and their temporal and spatial changes, as well as the maritime exchanges and interactions that took place during prehistory.