TY - JOUR SN - 0004-4482 T1 - Reconstruction Methodologies for Old and Middle Chinese before Bernhard Karlgren (1889–1978) AU - Georg Orlandi Y1 - 2022 PY - 2022 DA - 2022 T2 - Asia Major JF - Asia Major JO - Asia Major JA - Asia Major VL - 35 IS - 2 SP - 57 EP - 87 KW - reconstruction methodologies; Old Chinese; Middle Chinese; Chinese historical phonology; language reconstruction Y2 - 2022 N2 - This article provides a short though comprehensive overview of the methodologies for reconstructing Old and Middle Chinese that existed before the pioneering works of Bernhard Karlgren (1889–1978), with an eye towards different approaches used for other language families. Special emphasis is also put on a series of pre-Karlgrenian Japanese treatises that have not received sufficient attention in the West. ER -